Figure 4

Swimming exercise alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in diet-induced NAFLD model zebrafish livers. (A) Western-blot of P-AMPK, AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1, NRF2, and TFAM. (n=6) The protein expression levels of (B) P-AMPK/AMPK, (C) SIRT1, (D) PGC1α, (E) NRF1, (F) NRF2, and (G) TFAM according to densitometry analysis. (H)Mtnd1 and mtnd6 mRNA expression. (n=6) (I) The mRNA expression levels of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. (n=6) (J) The mRNA expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial respiratory complex subunits. (n=6) *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001. Data represent the mean, and error bars represent SEM. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; N, normal diet; H, high fat diet; HE, high-fat diet plus exercise; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1,mtnd1; Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 6, mtnd6. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain, acadm; Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, cpt1a; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha b, pparab); NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9a, ndufa9a; Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, sdha; Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2b, uqcrc2b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1, cox4i1; ATP synthase F1 subunit beta, atp5f1b. ns, not significant.