Fig. 3

Two novel adora genes in vertebrates. Maximum likelihood tree for adora, adorb and related receptors, same tree file as figure 1, only vertebrate adora clade expanded here. Branch support is given in %, scale bar denotes number of amino acid substitutions per site. Species groups are color-coded as indicated; all nonvertebrate nodes and the vertebrate adorb node are collapsed. Magenta circles with plus sign indicate intron gains; small empty circles denote absence of introns. Gene clades are visualized by angular parantheses, color-coded according to the species represented in that clade. Species are indicated by four letter abbreviation, for full names see supplementary file 3, Supplementary Material online. The outgroup (not shown) consists of over 100 genes encompassing all subgroups of rhodopsin class GPCRs as well as rhodopsin-associated class genes (see supplementary file 3, Supplementary Material online). The root of the adora and adorb clade is denoted by large circles, color-coded according to species represented within that clade. The vertebrate adora clade is well separated with maximum branch support. Orthologs for mammalian genes adora1, 2a, 2b, and 3 are present in teleosts, for the first three also in cartilaginous fish. Two novel clades, adora4 and 5, are present in cartilaginous fish, lobe-finned fish, and ray-finned fish, respectively amphibians. Remnants of the teleost-specific whole genome duplication are visible, some other increases in gene number result from polyploidy, for example, salmon.