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ZDB-FIG-191115-4

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Aleksandar et al., 2019 - Wild edible onions - Allium flavum and Allium carinatum - successfully prevent adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin

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Fig. 3

The time-dependent protective effect of Allium extracts on Dox-induced whole body toxicity (A) and cardiotoxicity (B, C) in zebrafish embryos. Embryos were treated with Dox (10 μg/ml) at 6 hpf and extracts (5 μg/ml) at a different time up to 48 hpf. When applied up to 36 hpf, both extracts rescued Dox-treated embryos from skeletal deformities (A) and pericardial edema (B); but if applied at 48 hpf, embryos developed pericardial edema (arrow), malformed head (bracket), jaw (dashed arrow) and otoliths (boxed), and scoliosis (arrowhead). Cardioprotective effect of Allium extracts has also been manifested by the improved heartbeat rate of Dox-treated embryos, as evaluated at 96 hpf (C). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistically significant difference in the heartbeat rate between the Dox-treated group and the control group (### P < 0.001), and between embryos upon the combination treatments and Dox alone (*** P < 0.001) are denoted.

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