Primidone relieved the larval seizure-like behavior induced by ginkgotoxin exposure but not by PTZ treatment. Zebrafish larvae at 3 dpf were incubated in water containing convulsing agents with or without the presence of primidone for 2 hours before video recording and analyzed for the stage distribution (left) and total distance of larval displacement (right). The larval behavior was categorized into three stages on the basis of the characteristics of their swimming patterns: stage 0, no or low swimming activity; stage I, mildly increased swimming activity; stage II, whole body convulsion, erupting swimming and misshaped. There were at least ten larvae included for each group. Bars show mean + s.e.m. **P<0.0001.
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