Antisense morpholino-modified oligonucleotides directed against acvrl1 phenocopy vbg mutants. Dorsal anterior angiograms of 2.25 dpf wild-type embryos injected at the 1- to 4-cell stage with 22.5 ng of a standard control morpholino (A) or 22.5 ng (C) or 15 ng (D) of a mixture of morpholinos directed against acvrl1. Note the strong resemblance of patent vessel architecture in C to that found in vbg mutants (B). The embryo shown in D is less severely affected but clearly shows dilated vessels and a decrease in the number of patent central arteries. BCA, basal communicating artery; PCS, posterior connecting segment; BA, basilar artery; PHBC, primordial hindbrain channel; CA, central artery. Dorsal views, anterior to the left.
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