Fig. 3

Asymmetric craniofacial development in ace/fgf8 mutants. All panels display a ventral view of the pharyngeal skeleton, with the right side of the pharynx present on the left, and the left side present on the right. (A) At 5 dpf, wt larvae exhibit five sets of paired bilateral cb cartilages (orange arrows). (B) Mutant larvae exhibit reduced and asymmetric numbers of cb cartilages (asterisk indicates position of asymmetrically missing cartilage). Pharyngeal cartilage asymmetry in ace/fgf8 mutants has a directional bias with elements typically missing from the right side of the pharynx (Χ² = 14.5, P < 0.001). (C, D) ace/fgf8 mutants exhibit lateral branching of various cb cartilages. (E, F) ace/fgf8 mutants exhibit asymmetric pharyngeal bone development. (E) By 7 dpf, wt larvae possess a bilateral series of 11 mineralized bones. Pharyngeal bones are labeled to the right side of the figure (see abbreviations below). Starred bones represent cartilage replacement bones; all others are dermal bones. (F) Mutant larvae exhibit reduced and asymmetric bone development with a bias toward the right side of the pharynx (Χ² = 3, P = 0.08) (red asterisks indicate position of asymmetrically missing bones). Abbreviations are as follows: br(a), anterior branchiostegal ray; br(p), posterior branchiostegal ray; cb5, fifth ceratobranchial cartilage; ch, ceratohyal; cl, cleithrum; dnt, dentary; hs, hyosymplectic; mx, maxilla; op, opercle; qu, quadrate; ra, retroarticular.