Fig. 1

Procedures and experimental design for PDM, HDM and W-HDM treatments and exposure to zebrafish.
Fig. 2

Surgical face mask characterisation and its behaviour in the aquatic matrix. A) FTIR spectra of the different parts of the surgical face mask and different layers. B) Nominal sizes of fragments from PDM and HDM treatments. C) Behaviour of both size fragments of face mask in zebrafish water over 72 h (time between zebrafish water changes). D) Spectrum of the organic substances released into the water from the PDM and HDM treatments. E) Concentration of different elements present in the surgical face masks. For some elements the concentration was zero. F) Inorganic elements released into water from PDM and HDM treatments.
Fig. 3

RNA-Seq analysis results of zebrafish larvae exposed to the three face mask treatments. A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the different samples. B) Stacked column chart showing the number and intensity of the up- and down-regulated DEGs after PDM, HDM and W-HDM treatments. C) Heatmaps representing the DEGs for the three treatments. D) Venn diagram reflecting the exclusive and common DEGs among the three. E) Common up- and F) down-regulated DEGs among the three treatments.
Fig. 4

Biological processes (BP), KEGG pathways, protein domains (PD) and protein–protein interactions enriched for the genes modulated by the PDM treatment. A) Enrichment analyses of the down-regulated genes. B) Enrichment analyses of the up-regulated genes. C) STRING analysis (protein–protein interaction) of the DEGs under PDM treatment.
Fig. 5

Biological processes (BP), KEGG pathways, protein domains (PD) and protein–protein interactions enriched for the genes modulated by HDM treatment. A) Enrichment analyses of the down-regulated genes. B) Enrichment analyses of the up-regulated genes. C) STRING analysis (protein–protein interaction) of the DEGs under HDM treatment.
Fig. 6

Biological processes (BP), KEGG pathways, protein domains (PD) and protein–protein interactions enriched for genes modulated by the W-HDM treatment. A) Enrichment analyses of the down-regulated genes. B) Enrichment analyses of the up-regulated genes. C) STRING analysis (protein–protein interaction) of the DEGs under W-HDM treatment.
Fig. 7

Heatmaps representing the mean TPM expression values of the DEGs involved in different biological processes. A) Complement pathway. B) Coagulation system. C) Type I interferon-related genes. D) Inflammation; E) Antigen-presentation. F) Haem-binding proteins. G) Isoprenoid/sterol biosynthesis and redox process.
Fig. 8

Analysis of the DEGs involved in reproduction. A) Heatmap representing the mean TPM expression values of the DEGs with a role in reproduction across the different treatments. B) Schematic representation of the different reproduction steps with genes affected by the face mask treatments.
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image.

Reprinted from Journal of hazardous materials, 428, Sendra, M., Pereiro, P., Yeste, M.P., Novoa, B., Figueras, A., Surgical face masks as a source of emergent pollutants in aquatic systems: Analysis of their degradation product effects in Danio rerio through RNA-Seq, 128186, Copyright (2021) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ J. Hazard. Mater.
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