FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Exhaustive identification of conserved upstream open reading frames with potential translational regulatory functions from animal genomes

Authors
Takahashi, H., Miyaki, S., Onouchi, H., Motomura, T., Idesako, N., Takahashi, A., Murase, M., Fukuyoshi, S., Endo, T., Satou, K., Naito, S., Itoh, M.
Source
Full text @ Sci. Rep.

Numbers of CPuORFs extracted by ESUCA in each taxonomic category. (a) Cladogram showing the relationship among the 19 taxonomic categories defined in this study. Fruit fly, zebrafish, chicken, and human belong to Diptera, Cypriniformes, Galliformes, and Primates, respectively. Diptera, Cypriniformes, Galliformes, and Primates belong to Insecta, Ostarioclupeomorpha, Aves, and Euarchontoglires, respectively. (b) Graphs showing the numbers of CPuORFs extracted by ESUCA analyses of the genomes of the indicated species.

Taxonomic conservation and experimental validation of 17 selected human CPuORFs. (a) Taxonomic ranges of conservation of CPuORFs examined in transient assays. Filled cells in each taxonomic category indicate the presence of mORF-tBLASTn hits for CPuORFs of the indicated genes. (b) Reporter constructs used for transient assays. The hatched box in the frameshift (fs) mutant CPuORF indicates the frame-shifted region. Dotted boxes represent the first five nucleotides of the mORFs associated with the 17 human CPuORFs. See Supplementary Fig. S6 for the exact position and the length of each CPuORF and the exact frame-shifted region. (c) Relative luciferase (Fluc) activities of WT-aa (white) or fs (gray) CPuORF reporter plasmids. Means ± SDs of at least three biological replicates are shown. *p < 0.05.

Acknowledgments
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