FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Methylxanthines induce structural and functional alterations of the cardiac system in zebrafish embryos

Authors
Basnet, R.M., Zizioli, D., Guarienti, M., Finazzi, D., Memo, M.
Source
Full text @ BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

Representative pictures of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf injected with: a Aminophylline; b Caffeine; c Diprophylline; d Doxofylline; e Etophylline; f IBMX; g Pentoxifylline; h Theophylline; i Dichloroaniline (positive control); and j Sterile water (negative control). The zebrafish embryos representative pictures were obtained with Leica MZ16F stereomicroscope(Germany) equipped with DFC 480 digital camera and LAS Leica Imaging software (Leica).Magnification 40X

Structural alteration of the heart at 48 hpf. a Percentage of embryos with structural cardiac abnormality at 48 hpf after microinjection with eight methylxanthines at 1-2 cell stage. Embryos injected with DCA were the positive controls. At least 100 embryos were injected for each drug and the results are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. b Representative picture of normal heart morphology from lateral view. c and (d) Representative pictures of grade 2 cardiac abnormality observed in methylxanthine treated zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf. Both atrium and ventricle are compressed and not well defined between chambers (b) or atrium and ventricle are severely enlarged, misshaped and not well defined (c). A- Atrium; V-Ventricle

Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ BMC Pharmacol Toxicol