PUBLICATION
Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of sucralose disrupts embryonic development and leads to an oxidative stress response in Danio rerio
- Authors
- Colín-García, K., Elizalde-Velázquez, G.A., Gómez-Oliván, L.M., Islas-Flores, H., García-Medina, S., Galar-Martínez, M.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-220323-27
- Date
- 2022
- Source
- The Science of the total environment 829: 154689 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Apoptosis, Artificial sweetener, Oxidative status, Zebrafish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Embryonic Development
- Oxidative Stress
- Sucrose/analogs & derivatives
- Sweetening Agents/metabolism
- Water/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical*/metabolism
- Zebrafish*/metabolism
- PubMed
- 35314215 Full text @ Sci. Total Environ.
Citation
Colín-García, K., Elizalde-Velázquez, G.A., Gómez-Oliván, L.M., Islas-Flores, H., García-Medina, S., Galar-Martínez, M. (2022) Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of sucralose disrupts embryonic development and leads to an oxidative stress response in Danio rerio. The Science of the total environment. 829:154689.
Abstract
Sucralose (SUC) is the most consumed artificial sweetener worldwide, not metabolized by the human body, and barely eliminated from water in wastewater treatment plants. Although different studies have reported high concentrations of this sweetener in aquatic environments, limited to no information is known about the toxic effects this drug may produce over water organisms. Moreover, most of the current studies have used non-environmentally relevant concentrations of SUC for these effects. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the harmful effects that environmentally relevant concentrations of SUC may induce in the early life stages of Danio rerio. According to our results, SUC altered the embryonic development of D. rerio, producing several malformations that led to their death. The major malformations were scoliosis, pericardial edema, yolk deformation, and tail malformation. However, embryos also got craniofacial malformations, eye absence, fin absence, dwarfism, delay of the hatching process, and hypopigmentation. SUC also generated an oxidative stress response in the embryos characterized by an increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxides, and carbonyl proteins. To overcome this oxidative stress response, we observed a significant increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, a significant boost in the expression of antioxidant defense-related genes, Nuclear respiratory factor 1a (Nrf1a) and Nuclear respiratory factor 2a (Nrf2a), was also observed at all concentrations. Concerning apoptosis-related genes, we observed the expression of Caspase 3 (CASP3) and Caspase 9 (CASP9) was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, we conclude environmentally relevant concentrations of SUC are harmful to the early life stages of fish as they produce malformations, oxidative stress, and increased gene expression of apoptosis-related genes on embryos.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping