PUBLICATION
Toxicity Reduction of Euphorbia kansui Stir-Fried with Vinegar Based on Conversion of 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-Decadi-enoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol
- Authors
- Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhou, S.K., Wang, K., Zhang, M., Chen, P.D., Yao, W.F., Tang, Y.P., Wu, J.H., Zhang, L.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-191029-6
- Date
- 2019
- Source
- Molecules 24(20): (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Euphorbia kansui, diterpenoids, vinegar processing, zebrafish toxicity
- MeSH Terms
-
- Acetic Acid/chemistry*
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- China
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diterpenes/chemistry
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Diterpenes/toxicity
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Euphorbia/chemistry
- Euphorbia/toxicity*
- Glutathione/chemistry
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Malondialdehyde/chemistry
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/immunology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 31652602 Full text @ Molecules
Citation
Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhou, S.K., Wang, K., Zhang, M., Chen, P.D., Yao, W.F., Tang, Y.P., Wu, J.H., Zhang, L. (2019) Toxicity Reduction of Euphorbia kansui Stir-Fried with Vinegar Based on Conversion of 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-Decadi-enoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol. Molecules. 24(20).
Abstract
The dried roots of Euphorbia kansui S.L.Liou ex S.B.Ho have long been used to treat edema in China. However, the severe toxicity caused by Euphorbia kansui (EK) has seriously restricted its clinical application. Although EK was processed with vinegar to reduce its toxicity, the detailed mechanisms of attenuation in toxicity of EK stir-fried with vinegar (VEK) have not been well delineated. Diterpenoids are the main toxic ingredients of EK, and changes in these after processing may be the underlying mechanism of toxicity attenuation of VEK. 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3-O-EZ) is one of the diterpenoids derived from EK, and the content of 3-O-EZ was significantly reduced after processing. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of toxicity reduction of VEK based on the change of 3-O-EZ after processing with vinegar. Based on the chemical structure of 3-O-EZ and the method of processing with vinegar, simulation experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of the product both in EK and VEK and to enrich the product. Then, the difference of peak area of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate in EK and VEK were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Furthermore, the toxicity effect of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate, as well as the underlying mechanism, on zebrafish embryos were investigated. The findings showed that the diterpenoids (3-O-EZ) in EK can convert into less toxic ingenol in VEK after processing with vinegar; meanwhile, the content of ingenol in VEK was higher than that of EK. More interestingly, the ingenol exhibited less toxicity (acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and organic toxicity) than that of 3-O-EZ, and 3-O-EZ could increase malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduce glutathione (GSH) content; cause embryo oxidative damage by inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and induce inflammation and apoptosis by elevation of IL-2 and IL-8 contents and activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of attenuation in toxicity of VEK, and provides the possibility of safe and rational use of EK in clinics.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping