PUBLICATION
Novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima enhances the disease resistance and immune responses in zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida and Aeromonas hydrophila
- Authors
- Edirisinghe, S.L., Dananjaya, S.H.S., Nikapitiya, C., Liyanage, T.D., Lee, K.A., Oh, C., Kang, D.H., De Zoysa, M.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-190924-14
- Date
- 2019
- Source
- Fish & shellfish immunology 94: 558-565 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella piscicida, Immunostimulant, Mucin, Pectin, Spirulina maxima
- MeSH Terms
-
- Aeromonas hydrophila/physiology
- Animal Feed/analysis
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cyanobacteria/chemistry*
- Diet/veterinary
- Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
- Dietary Proteins/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements/analysis
- Disease Resistance/drug effects*
- Edwardsiella/physiology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary
- Fish Diseases/immunology*
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects*
- Pectins/administration & dosage
- Pectins/metabolism*
- Zebrafish/metabolism*
- PubMed
- 31546036 Full text @ Fish Shellfish Immunol.
Citation
Edirisinghe, S.L., Dananjaya, S.H.S., Nikapitiya, C., Liyanage, T.D., Lee, K.A., Oh, C., Kang, D.H., De Zoysa, M. (2019) Novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima enhances the disease resistance and immune responses in zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida and Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & shellfish immunology. 94:558-565.
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced disease resistance and positive immunomodulation of novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima (SmP) in zebrafish model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to SmP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher cumulative percent survival (CPS) at 25 (44.0%) and 50 μg/mL (67.0%) against Edwardsiella piscicida compared to the control. However, upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, SmP exposed larvae at 50 μg/mL had slightly higher CPS (33.3%) compared to control group (26.7%). SmP supplemented zebrafish exhibited the higher CPS against E. piscicida (93.3%) and A. hydrophila (60.0%) during the early stage of post-infection (<18 hpi). qRT-PCR results demonstrated that exposing (larvae) and feeding (adults) of SmP, drive the modulation of a wide array of immune response genes. In SmP exposed larvae, up-regulation of the antimicrobial enzyme (lyz: 3.5-fold), mucin (muc5.1: 2.84, muc5.2: 2.11 and muc5.3: 2.40-fold), pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β: 1.79-fold) and anti-oxidants (cat: 2.87 and sod1: 1.82-fold) were identified. In SmP fed adult zebrafish (gut) showed >2-fold induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (il1β) and chemokines (cxcl18b, ccl34a.4 and ccl34b.4). Overall results confirmed the positive modulation of innate immune responses in larval stage and which could be the main reason for developing disease resistance against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila. Thus, non-toxic, natural and biodegradable SmP could be considered as the potential immunomodulatory agent for sustainable aquaculture.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping