PUBLICATION
Combined toxicity of triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Liu, J., Wang, X., Wang, C., Ai, W., Chen, S., Wang, H.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-171124-5
- Date
- 2017
- Source
- Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 57: 9-18 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, Joint toxicity, Mixtures of triclosan, Partly additive effect, Staining and histopathological observation, Triclosan
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Anthelmintics/toxicity
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity
- Chlorophenols/toxicity*
- Drug Synergism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/abnormalities
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Mutagens/toxicity*
- Triclosan/toxicity*
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
- Zebrafish/abnormalities
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- PubMed
- 29169085 Full text @ Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
Citation
Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Liu, J., Wang, X., Wang, C., Ai, W., Chen, S., Wang, H. (2017) Combined toxicity of triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 57:9-18.
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) are the most prevalent chlorinated phenolic pollutants in aquatic environments. Our results showed LC50 and EC50 values of 0.51, 1.11, 2.45mg/L, and 0.36, 0.74, 1.53mg/L for TCS, 2,4,6-TCP and 2,4-DCP, respectively, to 120hpf zebrafish. The highest TCSD (the mixture of TCS, 2,4,6-TCP and 2,4-DCP) toxicity was observed at a TCS:2,4,6-TCP:2,4-DCP concentration ratio of 1:2:4. LC50 and EC50 values of TCSD mixtures for 120-hpf zebrafish were 2.28 and 1.16mg/L, respectively. Two toxicity assessment methods (Toxic Unit and Mixture Toxicity Index) indicated that TCSD interactions produced partly additive toxicity. TCSD exposure decreased zebrafish hatching rate and led to a series of malformations. Following alkaline phosphatase staining, a large area of vascular ablation was observed with almost complete disappearance of vascular branches and a smaller coverage range. Prominent reddening of the yolk sac and visceral mass after oil red O staining implied that TCSD exposure severely affected fat metabolism. Following acridine orange staining, cell death occurred in eyes while high TCSD concentrations (0.84mg/L) induced cardiovascular circulation dysfunction. Alcian blue staining increased the α angle between Meckel's cartilages and β angle between two ceratobranchial. Basihyal and palatoquadrate became shorter and developmental abnormality or defects occurred in the fifth ceratobranchial. Overall, these results provide a theoretical basis for systematically evaluating the combined toxicity of the prevalent chlorinated phenolic pollutants in real-world aquatic environments.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping