PUBLICATION
Inhibition of nervous necrosis virus by ribavirin in a zebrafish larvae model
- Authors
- Morick, D., Saragovi, A.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-161113-18
- Date
- 2017
- Source
- Fish & shellfish immunology 60: 537-544 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- IL-1β, Larvae, Nervous necrosis virus, Ribavirin, Zebrafish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Fish Diseases/genetics
- Fish Diseases/immunology
- Fish Diseases/prevention & control*
- Fish Diseases/virology
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Nodaviridae/drug effects*
- RNA Virus Infections/genetics
- RNA Virus Infections/immunology
- RNA Virus Infections/prevention & control
- RNA Virus Infections/veterinary*
- RNA Virus Infections/virology
- Ribavirin/pharmacology*
- Zebrafish*
- PubMed
- 27833011 Full text @ Fish Shellfish Immunol.
Citation
Morick, D., Saragovi, A. (2017) Inhibition of nervous necrosis virus by ribavirin in a zebrafish larvae model. Fish & shellfish immunology. 60:537-544.
Abstract
The guanosine analog ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, mostly used in human clinical practice. It has in vitro and in vivo activity against a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses. Here, we report that treatment of zebrafish larvae with ribavirin prior to infection with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) significantly reduces the mortality caused by the virus during the first 10 days post-infection. The RNA genome of NNV harvested from ribavirin-treated infected larvae contains three synonymous and one single non-synonymous mutation, resulting in the replacement of a serine codon with a glycine codon in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Adding increasing amounts of guanosine to ribavirin prior to larvae infection did not impede the antiviral activity. Ribavirin treatment of uninfected larvae reduces the basal level of IFNγ, but increases the level of IL-1β mRNA expression. Furthermore, infecting larvae with NNV following ribavirin treatment reduces the expression levels of IFNγ, IFN-I, Mx, and TNF-α genes, while the expression of IL-1β is increased. These results suggest that cytokine modulation plays an important role in the activity of ribavirin against NNV. Mortality of more than 40 species of teleost fish, mostly larvae and juveniles, from NNV is a major obstacle in hatcheries, and impedes the supply of young fish to farms. Hence, cost-effective ribavirin treatment should be considered as an efficient means to reduce the peril of NNV.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping