PUBLICATION
Separation and aquatic toxicity of enantiomers of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin
- Authors
- Xu, C., Wang, J., Liu, W., Sheng, G.D., Tu, Y., and Ma, Y.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-071227-4
- Date
- 2008
- Source
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry 27(1): 174-181 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Lambda-cyhalothrin, Zebrafish embryo, Enantioselective, High-performance liquid chromatographic separation, Toxicity
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Insecticides/isolation & purification*
- Nitriles/chemistry
- Nitriles/isolation & purification*
- Nitriles/toxicity*
- Pyrethrins/chemistry
- Pyrethrins/isolation & purification*
- Pyrethrins/toxicity*
- Stereoisomerism*
- Toxicity Tests
- Water
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 18092875 Full text @ Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
Citation
Xu, C., Wang, J., Liu, W., Sheng, G.D., Tu, Y., and Ma, Y. (2008) Separation and aquatic toxicity of enantiomers of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 27(1):174-181.
Abstract
Chiral pollutants are receiving growing environmental concern due to differential biological activities of their enantiomers. In the present study, enantiomeric separation of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the columns of Chiralpak AD (amylase tris[3,5-dimethyl-phenyl carbamate]), Chiralpak AS (amylase tris[(S)-1-phenyl carbamate]), Chiralcel OD (cellulose tris[3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate]), and Chiralcel OJ (cellulose tris[4-methyl benzoate]) with different chiral stationary phases. The differential toxicities of the enantiomers in aquatic systems were evaluated using the acute zebrafish (Danio rerio) toxicity test and the zebrafish embryo test. The enantiomers of LCT were separated completely on all the columns tested and detected by circular dichroism at 236 nm. Better separations were achieved at lower temperatures (e.g., 20 degrees C) and lower levels of polar modifiers (162 times more toxic than its antipode to zebrafish in the acute test. The embryo test indicated that the exposure to LCT enantioselectively induced crooked body, yolk sac edema, and pericardial edema and that the (-)-enantiomer was 7.2 times stronger than the (+)-enantiomer in 96-h mortality. The malformations were induced by the racemate and its (-)-enantiomer at lower concentrations tested (e.g., 50 mug L(-1)), whereas the (+)-enantiomer induced malformations at relatively higher concentrations (>/=100 mug L(-1)). These results suggest that the toxicological effects of chiral pesticides must be evaluated using their individual enantiomers.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping