PUBLICATION
Evolution of pigment synthesis pathways by gene and genome duplication in fish
- Authors
- Braasch, I., Schartl, M., and Volff, J.N.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-070614-30
- Date
- 2007
- Source
- BMC Evolutionary Biology 7(1): 74 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Braasch, Ingo, Schartl, Manfred
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Biopterins/biosynthesis
- Evolution, Molecular*
- Fishes/genetics*
- Fishes/metabolism
- GTP Cyclohydrolase/genetics
- Gene Duplication*
- Humans
- Melanins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Monophenol Monooxygenase/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Pigmentation/genetics*
- Pteridines/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Synteny
- gp100 Melanoma Antigen
- PubMed
- 17498288 Full text @ BMC Evol. Biol.
Citation
Braasch, I., Schartl, M., and Volff, J.N. (2007) Evolution of pigment synthesis pathways by gene and genome duplication in fish. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7(1):74.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coloration and color patterning belong to the most diverse phenotypic traits in animals. Particularly, teleost fishes possess more pigment cell types than any other group of vertebrates. As the result of an ancient fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD), teleost genomes might contain more copies of genes involved in pigment cell development than tetrapods. No systematic genomic inventory allowing to test this hypothesis has been drawn up so far for pigmentation genes in fish, and almost nothing is known about the evolution of these genes in different fish lineages. RESULTS: Using a comparative genomic approach including phylogenetic reconstructions and synteny analyses, we have studied two major pigment synthesis pathways in teleost fish, the melanin and the pteridine pathways, with respect to different types of gene duplication. Genes encoding three of the four enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin from tyrosine have been retained as duplicates after the FSGD. In the pteridine pathway, two cases of duplicated genes originating from the FSGD as well as several lineage-specific gene duplications were observed. In both pathways, genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes, tyrosinase and GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GchI), have additional paralogs in teleosts compared to tetrapods, which have been generated by different modes of duplication. We have also observed a previously unrecognized diversity of gchI genes in vertebrates. In addition, we have found evidence for divergent resolution of duplicated pigmentation genes, i.e., differential gene loss in divergent teleost lineages, particularly in the tyrosinase gene family. CONCLUSION: Mainly due to the FSGD, teleost fishes apparently have a greater repertoire of pigment synthesis genes than any other vertebrate group. Our results support an important role of the FSGD and other types of duplication in the evolution of pigmentation in fish.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping