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Fig. 2 PPAR isoform modulation impacts fish growth and yolk utilization. Fish length and yolk sac area were measured at 4 dpf, following developmental (3 day) exposures to PPAR agonists and antagonist across a range of concentrations. PPARγ agonist and antagonist exposures decreased fish length and increased yolk sac area at 10 μM. PPARα antagonist, but not agonist, exposures increased fish length as well as yolk sac area. Additionally, PPARβ/δ antagonist exposure increased fish length as well as yolk sac area, while agonist exposure decreased fish length and increased yolk sac area. Asterisks (*) indicate a difference between designated treatment groups and DMSO control (p < 0.05); n = 75–90 eleutheroembryos per group.