Fig. 3

Primary visual cortex of a Thy1-GFP mouse was imaged through a cranial window in vivo. a Lateral images of a soma (Z = 230 µm) and axial images (along the dashed white line) of nearby dendrites measured without and with AO correction of Gaussian focus. Aberration measurement was performed using the soma. b Signal profiles of dendrites along the dashed purple lines in a. c Wavefront on pupil plane/SLM2 for aberration correction of Gaussian focus, after transmitted through the annular mask, and the computed focal-plane pattern on SLM1 for aberration-corrected Bessel focus. d Mean intensity projections (MIP) of Gaussian imaging stacks from Z = 200 µm to Z = 260 µm without and with AO. e Gaussian imaging stack with AO color-coded by depth. f Bessel images of the same volume as in d, obtained without and with AO. Lateral pixel size: 0.5 µm. g Zoomed-in images of the volume within dashed boxes in f. Lateral pixel size: 0.2 µm. h Signal profiles of dendritic spines along the dashed purple lines in d and f. i Spectral power in the spatial frequency space (K_XK_Y) for Bessel images in g (0.2 µm pixel size) and their radially averaged profiles. Dashed circle: diffraction limit. Post-objective powers: 36 mW for Gaussian and 78 mW for Bessel. Wavelength: 940 nm. AU arbitrary unit. Source data are available as a source data file.