Figure 7

Figure 7

Relative expression of genes involved in immune responses (tnf-α and nf-ƙb) of zebrafish larvae after exposure to CuSO₄ and treatment with the ethanol extract (EE) of C. cyrtophyllum Turcz at different doses. The zebrafish larvae were exposed to EE for 1 h and to CuSO₄ 10 µM for 4 and 24 h. After 4 or 24 h, larvae were collected for qPCR analysis. The relative gene expressions are presented as the ratio of the quantity of candidate gene/average quantity of housekeeping genes. A pool of 20 larvae per group (n = 3) was used. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E. for three different experiments performed in triplicate. * p < 0.05, ** and ### p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to the CuSO₄ alone group.