translation

Term ID

GO:0006412

Synonyms

protein anabolism
protein biosynthesis
protein biosynthetic process
protein formation
protein synthesis
protein translation

Definition

The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

References

Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)

Ontology

GO: Biological Process QuickGO AmiGO

Relationships

is part of: gene expression

gene expression Show first 5 Terms
has parts: maintenance of translational fidelity regulation of translation by machinery localization translation factor activity, RNA binding translational elongation translational initiation ... Show All 8 Terms

maintenance of translational fidelity regulation of translation by machinery localization translation factor activity, RNA binding translational elongation translational initiation translational termination triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation Show first 5 Terms
is a type of: macromolecule biosynthetic process protein metabolic process

macromolecule biosynthetic process protein metabolic process Show first 5 Terms
has subtype: cytoplasmic translation mitochondrial translation plastid translation translation at postsynapse translation at presynapse ... Show All 7 Terms

cytoplasmic translation mitochondrial translation plastid translation translation at postsynapse translation at presynapse translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission translation at synapse Show first 5 Terms
has_part: translational elongation translational initiation translational termination

translational elongation translational initiation translational termination Show first 5 Terms
inverse has_part: SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane Show first 5 Terms
negatively regulated by: negative regulation of translation negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress negative regulation of translation in response to stress regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress

negative regulation of translation negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress negative regulation of translation in response to stress regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress Show first 5 Terms
positively regulated by: positive regulation of translation positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress positive regulation of translation in response to stress

positive regulation of translation positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress positive regulation of translation in response to stress Show first 5 Terms
regulated by: regulation of translation regulation of translation at postsynapse regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation at presynapse regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission ... Show All 10 Terms

regulation of translation regulation of translation at postsynapse regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation at presynapse regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation at synapse regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress regulation of translation in response to stress Show first 5 Terms

Phenotype

Phenotype caused by Genes