FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Biological Effects of Polysaccharides from Bovistella utriformis as Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antihyperglycemic Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Authors
Maaloul, A., Pérez Manríquez, C., Decara, J., Marí-Beffa, M., Álvarez-Torres, D., Latorre Redoli, S., Martínez-Albardonedo, B., Araya-Rojas, M., Fajardo, V., Abdala Díaz, R.T.
Source
Full text @ Pharmaceutics
Figure 1

Bovistella utriformis fungus collected in its natural habitat for the study.
Figure 2

Chromatogram obtained by HPLC of B. utriformis.
Figure 3

HPLC absorption spectrum of B. utriformis.
Figure 4

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of polysaccharides obtained from B. utriformis polysaccharides (PsBu).
Figure 5

Qualitative analysis of Ps-Bu by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
Figure 6

Survival rate of cell lines treated with PsBu. (A) HCT-116 (Colon Cancer), (B) 1064Sk (Fibroblasts), (C) G-361 (Melanoma), (D) NCI-H460 (Lung Cancer), (E) HGF-1 (Gingival Fibroblasts), and (F) HaCaT (Keratinocytes).
Figure 7

LC50 estimation following PsBu treatment of zebrafish embryos during 48 hpf. Plots show the linear relationship between viability (A) or the logarithm of the viability/mortality ratio (B) and the logarithm of concentration at 48 hpf. Intersections of regression lines with 0,5 viability index (A) and abscissa (B) are log (LC50) estimations. Linear adjustments are y = −1.591x + 5.6606 (R2 = 0.6511; p ≈ 0.0000) (A) and y = −3.1702x + 10.0968 (R2 = 0.7422; p ≈ 0.0000) (B) (Excel, Microsoft Office). LC50 values are in the text.
Figure 8

Body size reduction of 48 hpf zebrafish embryos induced by PsBu. (A–C). General morphology of E3 medium control (A) and PsBu-treated (B,C) larvae. Treating solutions were 0.75 (B) and (C) 1 mg mL−1 PsBu in the E3 medium. (D). Linear regressions of standard length (empty circles) with PsBu concentration (y = −0.4x + 3.4809; R2 = 0.4809; p ≈ 0.000). *** means comparison with E3 control data (t-student p < 0.001).
Figure 9

Teratogenic and toxic effects of PsBu over zebrafish embryos treated for 48 h. (A). Pericardial edema shown after 0.5 mg mL−1 PsBu treatment. (B). Size reduction, slight kyphosis and pericardial edema shown after 0.5 mg mL−1 PsBu treatment. Bar represents 1 mm.
Figure 10

Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The effect of acute treatment with polysaccharides extracted from B. utriformis (PsBu) (200 mg kg−1) on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (A) and insulin sensitivity test (IST) (B) in male Wistar rats. Blood glucose levels were evaluated before (0 min) and after (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min) glucose overload (2 mg kg−1) or insulin administration (1 IU kg−1). Points indicate the mean ± SEM (n ± 8 animals/group). Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test results were denoted as follows: (*) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.01, and (***) p < 0.001 vs. vehicle group.
Acknowledgments
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