FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Petrosamine isolated from marine sponge Petrosia sp. demonstrates protection against neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo

Authors
Ribeiro, J., Araújo-Silva, H., Fernandes, M., da Silva, J.A., Pinto, F.D.C.L., Pessoa, O.D.L., Santos, H.S., de Menezes, J.E.S.A., Gomes, A.C.
Source
Full text @ Nat Prod Bioprospect
Fig. 1

Chemical structure of petrosamine
Fig. 2

Biocompatibility of petrosamine. a Cytotoxicity of petrosamine in SH-SY5Y cell line after 24 h of incubation; b Survival rate of zebrafish embryos incubated with petrosamine from 72 to 120 hpf; c Evaluation of toxicity in erythrocytes incubated with petrosamine by hemolysis quantification
Fig. 3

Evaluation of neuroprotection conferred by petrosamine in SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to AlCl3 for 24 h, measured by resazurin assay. Percentages are expressed relative to the life control (100% cell viability). Death control (30% DMSO). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 when compared to the life control
Fig. 4

Fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) assay showing SH-SY5Y cells exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 for 24 h. a Life Control; b Death Control (30% DMSO); c 50 μM AlCl3; d 50 μM AlCl3 and petrosamine; e 200 μM AlCl3; f 200 μM AlCl3 and petrosamine; g 1000 μM AlCl3; h 1000 μM AlCl3 and petrosamine. Scale bar = 50 μm. Graph i represents the number of viable cells (green), early apoptotic cells (yellow), and late apoptotic/necrotic cells (red) in each condition. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001
Fig. 5

Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in SH-SY5Y cell line after 24 h of incubation with AlCl3 and further 24 h of petrosamine incubation. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 when compared to the life control
Fig. 6

Analysis of zebrafish embryo development during embryotoxicity assay. a Survival rate after exposure to AlCl3 (50 and 200 μM), with or without treatment with petrosamine (0.05 mg/ml); b hatching rate of zebrafish embryos exposed to AlCl3 (50 and 200 μM)
Fig. 7

Epiboly of zebrafish embryos exposed to 50 and 200 µM of AlCl3 at 6 hpf. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 when compared to the control
Fig. 8

Acridine orange (AO) staining in whole body zebrafish larvae with 120 hpf.; a Control larvae; b larvae exposed to 50 μM AlCl3; c larvae exposed to 50 μM AlCl3 and petrosamine; d larvae exposed to 200 μM AlCl3; e larvae exposed to 200 μM AlCl3 and petrosamine; and f Total fluorescence of green spots indicating identified apoptotic cells. Particular fluorescent cellular accumulations are indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 500 μm
Fig. 9

AChE activity of whole 120 hpf embryo, after exposure to two different concentrations of AlCl3 (50 µM and 200 µM) during 72 hpf and then treated with petrosamine (0.05 mg/ml) until 120 hpf. Statistical significance as compared to life control, ****p < 0.0001
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Nat Prod Bioprospect
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