Suvarna Bhasma treatment protocol and rotenone exposure to various groups. VC = Vehicle Control group, SB = Suvarna Bhasma group, VC-ROT = Vehicle Control exposed with rotenone, SB-ROT = Suvarna Bhasma treated fish exposed with rotenone groups. (Yellow colour fill in the arrow represent SB treatment, black colour fill represent rotenone treatment).

Variation in motor parameters due to rotenone exposure. A step-up dose was induced to the fish (n = 10/group).

Neuroprotective effect of Suvarna Bhasma. a) speed b) angular velocity c) freeze percent, after 15 days of rotenone treatment. d) Speed e) angular velocity f) freeze percent, after 30 days of rotenone treatment. VC = Vehicle Control, SB = Suvarna Bhasma treated, VC-ROT = VC group that was treated with rotenone and SB-ROT = SB group that was treated with rotenone. Values are reported in mean ± SEM with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 against the VC group, whereas #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 is between VC-ROT and SB-ROT group.

Dopamine of various groups after 30 days of rotenone exposure (Exposure of rotenone was done for VC-ROT and SB-ROT groups). Values are reported in mean ± SEM with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 against the VC group.

Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins (A) SB vs VC (B) VC-ROT vs VC, and (C) SB-ROT vs VC. Blue dots represent the differentially expressed proteins as compared to VC group. Statistical significance was carried out using student-t-test (p < 0.05) using Perseus software.

Functional classification of Panther pathway of differentially expressed proteins of VC-ROT group as compared VC group.