FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection

Authors
Liang, H., Li, Y., Li, M., Zhou, W., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Ran, C., Zhou, Z.
Source
Full text @ Front Immunol
Figure 1

Effect of β-glucan on survival rates of zebrafish post SVCV infection (n = 3) (survival rates (%) over time, days 0-14). The asterisk denotes significant difference (P < 0.05) by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.

Figure 2

Relative mRNA expression of genes related to antiviral innate immune response in the spleen of zebrafish four days after SVCV challenge (n = 6). The expression of genes was expressed as fold of control group. Values represent the means ± SEM.*P < 0.05.

Figure 3

Effects of morpholino-mediated knockdown of IFN receptor subunits (CRFB1 and CRFB2) on the antiviral function of β-glucan in ZF4 cells (n = 6). Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, "ns" is a contraction of no significant.

Figure 4

Antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 cells. (A) Effects of β-glucan in the mRNA expression of SVCV N protein (n = 6); (B) Effects of β-glucan on the TCID50 of SVCV (n = 6); (C) Effects of β-glucan on cell viability (n = 6). Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

Figure 5

Effects of β-glucan on the LC3II/LC3I ratio post SVCV infection in ZF4 cells. (A) Western blot analysis of LC3 in ZF4 cells (n = 3); (B) LC3II/LC3I ratio in ZF4 cells were calculated by Image J software (n = 3). Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, "ns" is a contraction of no significant.

Figure 6

Effects of β-glucan on autophagy level in ZF4 cells. Autophagy was quantified by flow cytometry after AO staining. The flow cytometry results of control or β-glucan-treated ZF4 cells at 0 h (A), 6 h (B), and 12 h (C) post SVCV infection were exhibited; (D) Percentage of control or β-glucan-treated ZF4 cells positive for autophagosomes at different time points after viral infection. Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 (n = 6).

Figure 7

Effects of 3-MA (A) and CQ (B) on the antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 cells (n = 6). Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, "ns" is a contraction of no significant..

Figure 8

Myd88 is not required for β-glucan to protect against SVCV infection. (A) The knockdown efficiency of myd88 (n = 6); (B) Effects of β-glucan on the mRNA expression of SVCV N protein after siRNA knockdown of myd88 (n = 6). Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05.

Figure 9

The composition of gut microbiota in zebrafish fed with or without 0.025% b-glucan diets. The composition of gut microbiota in zebrafish was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. (A) Relative abundance at the phylum level between the two groups; (B) Relative abundance at the genus level between the two groups; (C, D) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of all samples by weighted UniFrac distance.

Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Front Immunol
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