FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Steamed Panax notoginseng and its Saponins Inhibit the Migration and Induce the Apoptosis of Neutrophils in a Zebrafish Tail-Fin Amputation Model

Authors
Xiong, Y., Halima, M., Che, X., Zhang, Y., Schaaf, M.J.M., Li, M., Gao, M., Guo, L., Huang, Y., Cui, X., Wang, M.
Source
Full text @ Front Pharmacol
Fig. 1

(A) Chemical chromatograms of 13 batches of PN samples and (B) 11 selected peaks marked on the chromatogram of S10.
Fig. 2

The effect of different PN samples on neutrophil recruitment in the zebrafish tail fin amputation assay. (A) The counting areas for the quantification of neutrophils, and a representative fluorescence microscopy image of amputation-induced migration of neutrophils in zebrafish larvae at 3 dpf. (B) Schematic of the drug treatment in the zebrafish tail fin amputation experiments. (C) The number of neutrophils at the amputation site at 4 h after amputation upon treatment with different PN samples. (D) The relative inhibition rate of neutrophils after treating with different PN samples. Hpf, hours post-fertilization; Veh, vehicle; Beclo, beclomethasone; RPN, raw Panax notoginseng; RPNE, raw Panax notoginseng extract; SPN, steamed Panax notoginseng; SPNE, steamed Panax notoginseng extract. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
Fig. 3

Uncovering active constituents by multivariate data analysis. (A) Correlation matrix and (B) VIP values of peak areas correlating with the relative inhibition rates of PN samples. (C) The chromatograms of the mixed standards solution and SPNE sample steamed at 120°C for 6 h. Peaks 6, 8, 9,10 and 11 correspond to ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3, respectively. (D) Structures of the ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3.
Fig. 4

Inhibiting effects of different doses of ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3 on neutrophil recruitment at the amputation site of zebrafish larvae. Veh, vehicle. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
Fig. 5

The effect of SPNE and its major ginsenosides on neutrophil migration. (A) The number of neutrophils in the entire tail of amputated zebrafish larvae after treatment with different PNE samples. (B,C) The number of neutrophils at the amputation site (B) and in the entire tail (C) of amputated zebrafish larvae after treatment with ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3. Beclo, beclomethasone; RPNE, raw Panax notoginseng extract; SPNE, steamed Panax notoginseng extract; Veh, vehicle. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
Fig. 6

The effect of SPNE and its major ginsenosides on apoptotic neutrophils. (A) Apoptotic neutrophils labeled by TUNEL staining in amputated tails of zebrafish larvae. (B) The number of apoptotic neutrophils at the amputation site after treating with ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3. Beclo, beclomethasone; SPNE, steamed Panax notoginseng extract; Veh, vehicle. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Front Pharmacol
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