- Title
-
Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 modulates intestinal inflammation and functions in zebrafish models
- Authors
- Chen, M., Liu, C., Dai, M., Wang, Q., Li, C., Hung, W.
- Source
- Full text @ PLoS One
The retaining and lasting time periods of B. lactis BL-99 in the larval zebrafish intestinal tracts.
The larval zebrafish were fed with CM-DiI labeled B. lactis BL-99 for 2, 6 and 24 hrs, the fluorescent intensities (A) and quantitative analyses (B) in the larval zebrafish intestinal tracts. After removing fluorescent B. lactis BL-99 from the treatment solutions and transferred the zebrafish to fresh fish water for 0, 4 and 24 hrs, the larval zebrafish intestinal fluorescence (C) and quantitative analyses (D). Data were expressed as means ± S.E.M. Compared with the model group, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. IFI = intestinal fluorescent intensity. |
The therapeutic effects of B. lactis BL-99 on the larval zebrafish intestinal motility and constipation.
Schematic diagram of the intestinal fluorescent B. lactis BL-99 and analysis area of the larval zebrafish (A). The nile red fluorescent intensity (B) and quantitative analyses (C) in the larval zebrafish intestines. Data were expressed as means ± S.E.M. Compared with the model group, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. IFI = intestinal fluorescent intensity. |
The inflammatory and immunity gene expression and the digestive enzyme quantifications in the intestinal tract tissues of the irregularly high-glucose diet-induced intestinal functional disorders of adult zebrafish.
IL-1? gene levels (A), IL-10 gene levels (B) and IL-12 gene levels (C) in the adult zebrafish intestines. Lipase activity (D) and trypsin content (E) in the adult zebrafish intestines. Data were expressed as means ± S.E.M. Compared with the model group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. |
Histopathology of the irregularly high glucose diet-induced intestinal functional disorders in adult zebrafish intestines treated with B. lactis BL-99.
A fresh complete intestine of normal adult zebrafish (A). Normal (untreated) zebrafish intestinal H & E staining (B). The intestinal functional disorder zebrafish (model) intestinal histopathology (C). The intestinal functional disorder zebrafish treated with B. lactis BL-99 at 2.42*107 CFU/mL (D). Muscle layer (a1, blue double-headed arrow); goblet cells (b, black one-way arrow); lymphocytes (c, yellow one-way arrow); thinner intestinal wall (a2, blue square) and dilation of the intestinal lumen (d, black double-headed arrow). |
Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the intestinal metabolic profiles.
(A) was in the positive ion mode and (B) in negative ion mode between the intestinal functional disorder adult zebrafish (model) and normal (untreated); and (C) was in the positive ion mode and (D) in negative ion mode between the intestinal functional disorder adult zebrafish (model) and the model zebrafish treated with B. lactis BL-99 at 2.42*107 CFU/mL (BL-99-10-7). These ellipses represented the 95% confidence region. |
Heat map of significantly changed metabolites.
Statistically markedly changed metabolites between the intestinal functional disorder adult zebrafish (model) and normal control (untreated) zebrafish (A); and between the model zebrafish treated with and without B. lactis BL-99 (B). |
Possible mechanisms of B. lactis BL-99 modulated the intestinal inflammation and functions.
|