Gene expression heatmap (autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress) from zebrafish ovaries exposed to DINP. Color code to represented upregulated genes (green) and downregulated genes (red). Both rows (genes) and columns (treatments) were grouped by hierarchical clustering.

TUNEL assay in ovaries sections from zebrafish exposed to DiNP for 21 days. Positive TUNEL reaction stained in red (arrowheads). CTL (A); 0.42 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (B); 4.2 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (C); 42 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (D). Scale bar: 20 μm.

Immunolocalization of CAS3 (ir-CAS3) in ovaries cross-sections from control and exposed zebrafish for 21 days to DiNP. CTL (A), 0.42 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (B), 4.2 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (C), 42 μg L⁻¹ DiNP (D). CAS3 signal in green (arrowheads) and DAPI nuclei counterstaining in blue. Scale bar: 100 μm; insert in (B, C) 20 μm; insert in (D) 50 μm.

Graphical Abstract