Graphs comparing the stages of digression (see <xref rid='neurosci-06-01-025-t01' ref-type='table'>Table 1</xref>) in 5 and 6 dpf fish in response to 6-OHDA treatment. A–B: A demonstration of the trend lines of linear relationships between stages of digression and time of passage through the various stages of digression for twelve separate fish over a 22–36 hour period of treatment. C: A linear regression analysis comparing the rates of progression through the various regression stages (1–5) leading towards the listless phenotype (stage 5) in 5 compared to 6 dpf 6-OHDA treated fish.
Swimming behaviors of 5dpf treated fish with either ERS, 6-OHDA, E2, or AI. A: Fish treated with ERS or 6-OHDA and tested for the number of spontaneous movements/30 seconds at 3 hours after exposure. B: Percent of fish showing the listless phenotype after 3 hours under various treatments (black bars). Light bars represent percent of recovery from the listless phenotype observed at 6 hours after an ERS washout. Error bars represent ± SD. Asterisk = <italic>p</italic> < 0.05.
Shows percentages of 5 dpf demonstrating either listless (A.) or survival (B.) phenotypes under various treatment conditions after 24–72 hours of exposure. Error bars represent ± SD. Lettered groups of bars represents the following treatments: A—50 µM nNOSI; B—500 µM 6-OHDA; C—6-OHDA + nNOSI co-treatment; D—6-OHDA + DETA-NO co-treatment. Asterisk = <italic>p</italic> < 0.01 between groups.
A comparison of prominent characteristics seen within the last three prominent stages (Stages 4–5) of regression (see <xref rid='neurosci-06-01-025-t01' ref-type='table'>Table 1</xref>) leading to the listless phenotype in 5 dpf as a result of fish treated with 6-OHDA for 24 hours and their ability to recover in response to various 8 hour post-treatments (washout) with either ERS, nNOSI, or DETA-NO. Error bars represent ± SD. Lettered groups of bars represents the following phenotypes: SM—spastic movements; DVF—decreased vestibular function; L—listless (hypokinetic). Asterisks = <italic>p</italic> < 0.001 between groups.
A–B: Demonstration of the effect on 5 dpf fish of prolonged 24–72 hour co-treatments with nNOSI + 6-OHDA (black bars). Light bars represent recovery from the hypokinetic (listless) phenotype after a 24-hour ERS washout. C: Results showing the percent listless phenotype after a 24-hour ERS washout in groups prior treated for 72–120 hours with nNOSI + 6-OHDA. Error bars represent ± SD. PW = time post washout. W = washout. Lettered groups of bars represents the following treatments: A—50 µM nNOSI; B—500 µM 6-OHDA; C—6-OHDA + nNOSI co-treatment; D—6-OHDA + DETA-NO co-treatment. Asterisks = <italic>p</italic> < 0.001 between groups.
Graph depicting the importance of the two NO pathways in the recovery of 5 dpf fish from data collected at 6.5 hours of post-treatment washouts (ERS, ODQ, or DTT) preceded by a 16 hour neurotoxin treatment with 6-OHDA. Error bars represent ± SD. Lettered groups of bars represents the following phenotypes: RC—recovering; D—declining; M—maintained; R—recovered. Asterisks = <italic>p</italic> < 0.001 between groups.
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