PUBLICATION

A conserved fertilization complex bridges sperm and egg in vertebrates

Authors
Deneke, V.E., Blaha, A., Lu, Y., Suwita, J.P., Draper, J.M., Phan, C.S., Panser, K., Schleiffer, A., Jacob, L., Humer, T., Stejskal, K., Krssakova, G., Roitinger, E., Handler, D., Kamoshita, M., Vance, T.D.R., Wang, X., Surm, J.M., Moran, Y., Lee, J.E., Ikawa, M., Pauli, A.
ID
ZDB-PUB-241020-3
Date
2024
Source
Cell   187(25): 7066-7078.e22 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Blaha, Andreas, Deneke, Victoria, Panser, Karin, Pauli, Andrea
Keywords
AlphaFold, gamete adhesion, male fertility, protein-protein interaction, sperm proteome, sperm-egg interaction, vertebrate fertilization, zebrafish
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Fertilization*
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins/metabolism
  • Male
  • Membrane Proteins*/metabolism
  • Mice
  • Ovum/metabolism
  • Sperm-Ovum Interactions*
  • Spermatozoa*/metabolism
  • Zebrafish*/metabolism
  • Zebrafish Proteins*/metabolism
PubMed
39423812 Full text @ Cell
Abstract
Fertilization, the basis for sexual reproduction, culminates in the binding and fusion of sperm and egg. Although several proteins are known to be crucial for this process in vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using an AlphaFold-Multimer screen, we identified the protein Tmem81 as part of a conserved trimeric sperm complex with the essential fertilization factors Izumo1 and Spaca6. We demonstrate that Tmem81 is essential for male fertility in zebrafish and mice. In line with trimer formation, we show that Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 interact in zebrafish sperm and that the human orthologs interact in vitro. Notably, complex formation creates the binding site for the egg fertilization factor Bouncer in zebrafish. Together, our work presents a comprehensive model for fertilization across vertebrates, where a conserved sperm complex binds to divergent egg proteins-Bouncer in fish and JUNO in mammals-to mediate sperm-egg interaction.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping