Developmental Toxicity of Diclofenac and Elucidation of Gene Regulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Authors
- Chen, J.B., Gao, H.W., Zhang, Y.L., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X.F., Li, C.Q., Gao, H.P.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-140513-53
- Date
- 2014
- Source
- Scientific Reports 4: 4841 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Diclofenac/toxicity*
- Ecotoxicology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Embryonic Development/genetics
- Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
- Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects*
- Time Factors
- Zebrafish/genetics*
- PubMed
- 24788080 Full text @ Sci. Rep.
- CTD
- 24788080
Environmental pollution by emerging contaminants, e.g. pharmaceuticals, has become a matter of widespread concern in recent years. We investigated the membrane transport of diclofenac and its toxic effects on gene expression and the development of zebrafish embryos. The association of diclofenac with the embryos conformed to the general partition model at low concentration, the partition coefficient being 0.0033ml per embryo. At high concentration, the interaction fitted the Freundlich model. Most of the diclofenac remained in the extracellular aqueous solution with less than 5% interacting with the embryo, about half of which was adsorbed on the membranes while the rest entered the cytoplasm. Concentrations of diclofenac over 10.13μM were lethal to all the embryos, while 3.78μM diclofenac was teratogenic. The development abnormalities at 4 day post treatment (dpt) include shorter body length, smaller eye, pericardial and body edema, lack of liver, intestine and circulation, muscle degeneration, and abnormal pigmentation. The portion of the diclofenac transferred into the embryo altered the expression of certain genes, e.g. down-regulation of Wnt3a and Gata4 and up-regulation of Wnt8a. The alteration of expression of such genes or the regulation of downstream genes could cause defects in the cardiovascular and nervous systems.