PUBLICATION

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) modulates early developmental rate in zebrafish independent of its proteolytic activity

Authors
Kjaer-Sorensen, K., Engholm, D.H., Kamei, H., Morch, M.G., Kristensen, A.O., Zhou, J., Conover, C.A., Duan, C., and Oxvig, C.
ID
ZDB-PUB-130309-13
Date
2013
Source
The Journal of biological chemistry   288(14): 9982-92 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Duan, Cunming, Zhou, Jianfeng
Keywords
development, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), metalloprotease, proteolytic enzymes, zebrafish, developmental delay, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Genome
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Metalloproteases/metabolism
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype
  • Phylogeny
  • Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/metabolism*
  • Protein Binding
  • Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
  • Somatomedins/metabolism
  • Zebrafish
PubMed
23430244 Full text @ J. Biol. Chem.
Abstract

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a large metalloproteinase specifically cleaving IGF binding proteins, causing increased IGF bioavailability and hence local regulation of IGF receptor activation. We have identified two highly conserved zebrafish homologs of the human PAPP-A gene. Expression of zebrafish Papp-a, one of the two paralogs, begins during gastrulation and persists throughout the first week of development, and analyses demonstrate highly conserved patterns of expression between adult zebrafish, humans, and mice. We show that the specific knockdown of zebrafish papp-a limits the developmental rate beginning during gastrulation without affecting the normal patterning of the embryo. This phenotype is different from those resulting from deficiency of Igf receptor or ligand in zebrafish, suggesting a function of Papp-a outside the Igf system. Biochemical analysis of recombinant zebrafish Papp-a demonstrates conservation of proteolytic activity, specificity, and intrinsic regulatory mechanism. However, in vitro transcribed mRNA, which encodes a proteolytically inactive Papp-a mutant, recues the papp-a knockdown phenotype as efficient as wild-type Papp-a. Thus, the developmental phenotype of papp-a knockdown is not a consequence of lacking Papp-a proteolytic activity. We conclude that Papp-a possesses biological functions independent of its proteolytic activity. Our data represent the first evidence for a non-proteolytic function of PAPP-A.

Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping