PUBLICATION
Zebrafish Larvae Are Unable To Mount a Protective Antiviral Response Against Waterborne Infection by Spring Viremia of Carp Virus
- Authors
- López-Muñoz, A., Roca, F.J., Sepulcre, M.P., Meseguer, J., and Mulero, V.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-100105-42
- Date
- 2010
- Source
- Developmental and comparative immunology 34(5): 546-552 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Mulero, Victor
- Keywords
- Interferon, Viral infection, Fish, Evolution
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/immunology
- Fish Proteins/metabolism*
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Interferon Type I/genetics
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Interferon Type I/metabolism*
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism*
- Larva/immunology
- Larva/virology
- Rhabdoviridae/immunology*
- Rhabdoviridae/pathogenicity
- Rhabdoviridae Infections/immunology*
- Transgenes/genetics
- Virulence
- Zebrafish*/growth & development
- Zebrafish*/immunology
- PubMed
- 20045026 Full text @ Dev. Comp. Immunol.
Citation
López-Muñoz, A., Roca, F.J., Sepulcre, M.P., Meseguer, J., and Mulero, V. (2010) Zebrafish Larvae Are Unable To Mount a Protective Antiviral Response Against Waterborne Infection by Spring Viremia of Carp Virus. Developmental and comparative immunology. 34(5):546-552.
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and their receptors exist in all classes of vertebrates, where they represent early elements in innate and adaptive immunity. Both types I and II IFNs have been discovered in fish and type I IFN has recently been classified into two groups based on their primary protein sequences and biological activities. Thus, although group I and II zebrafish IFN show powerful antiviral activities, only group I (IFNvarphi1) is able to protect the fish against bacterial infection. In addition, group II IFNs (IFNvarphi2 and IFNvarphi3) induce a rapid and transient expression of antiviral genes, while group I IFN exerts a slow but more powerful induction of several antiviral and pro-inflammatory genes. To gain further insight into the IFN system of fish, we have developed a waterborne infection model of zebrafish larvae with the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Larvae were challenged 3 days post-fertilization by immersion, which considerably reduces the manipulation of fish and represents a more natural route of infection. Using this infection model, we unexpectedly found an inability on the part of zebrafish larvae to mount a protecting antiviral response to waterborne SVCV. Nevertheless, zebrafish larvae showed a functional antiviral system since ectopic expression of the cDNA of both groups I and II IFN was able to protect them against SVCV via the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Interestingly, group II IFNs also induced group I IFN, suggesting crosstalk between these two kinds of antiviral IFN. These results further confirm the antiviral activities of type I IFN in the zebrafish and provide the first viral infection model for zebrafish larvae using a natural route of infection. This model, in combination with the powerful gene overexpression and morpholino-mediated knockdown techniques, will help to illuminate the IFN system of teleost fish.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping