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Fig. 10 Mulberroside C (MC) stimulates leukopenia through the IL-23 receptor (IL23R). NB4 cells were treated with MC (20 μM), Q5VWK5 (IL-23R inhibitor, 6.7 μM), or a combination of MC (20 μM) + Q5VWK5 (6.7 μM) for 5 days. qRT-PCR analysis (n = 3) of, (A) G-CSF expression, (B) RASGRP1 expression, (C) GM-CSF expression, (D) Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b expression, (E) Histogram illustrating the percentage of CD11b-expressing cells across different groups. n = 3. (F) Evaluation of bactericidal activity. (G) Bacterial killing assay results are presented as histograms, showing the number of bacteria killed in each group. n = 3. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001 versus corresponding control groups. ns = no significance.