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Fig. 2 Mulberroside C (MC) promotes neutrophil differentiation and enhances bactericidal activity in vitro. (A) Effect of MC (5–20 μM) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 25 μg/kg) on CD11b expression in NB4 cells. The histogram shows CD11b+ cell percentages per group. n = 3. (B) Effect of MC (5–20 μM) or G-CSF (25 μg/kg) on NB4 cell differentiation as assessed by NBT reduction assay for 5 days. Red arrows indicate differentiated cells (scale bar, 50 μm). n = 3. (C) Effect of MC (5–20 μM) or G-CSF (25 μg/kg) on NB4 differentiation by Giemsa staining for 5 days. Red arrows indicate differentiated cells (scale bar, 50 μm) n = 3. (D) Effect of MC (5–20 μM) or G-CSF (25 μg/kg) on bactericidal activity. Histograms show bacterial counts killed per group. n = 3. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus the control group. ns = no significance.