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Fig. 2 Behavioral analysis of PTZ-induced anxiety in zebrafish treated with Lactobacillus reuteri E9. (A) Representative tail movement trajectories. (B) Average tail swing angular velocity and (C) average tail swing angle of zebrafish in control, PTZ-induced model, GABA-treated, and E9-treated groups. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 15 per group). ## indicates a significant difference between the normal and model groups (p < 0.01). * indicates a comparison between the sample group and the model group, with * representing p < 0.05, and ** representing p < 0.01. GABA-treated as positive control (500 µM). PTZ (7.5 mM, 20 min) induced hyperactivity, while E9 (1% v/v, 1 h pre-treatment) reversed these effects. Behavioral tracking was performed using EthoVision XT software (Noldus).