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Fig. 4 - Supplemental 1

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ZDB-IMAGE-250722-71
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Figures for Wang et al., 2025
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Fig. 4 - Supplemental 1 Comparison between Euclidean Random Matrix (ERM) simulation and theory. (A–C) Rank plots of the normalized eigenspectra (λ/ρ ), with the simulations obtained using correlation matrix (sim: corr, σ2i=1 ) and covariance matrix (sim: cov, neuron’s activity variance σ2i is i.i.d. sampled from a log-normal distribution with zero mean and a standard deviation of 0.5 in the natural logarithm of the σ2i values; we also normalize E(σ2i)=1 (Methods)). The curves between ‘sim: corr’ and ‘sim: cov’ are nearly identical in panels (A) and (B). The theoretical predictions of normalized eigenvalues λ/ρ are obtained using the high-density theory (cyan, Equation 12). The density ρ decreases from panel (A) to panel (C) (ρ=1024,256,10.24 , respectively). (D–F) Numerical validation of the theoretical spectrum by comparing probability density functions for increasing density of covariance ERM (ρ=1024,256,10.24 , respectively). Other simulation parameters: N=1024 , d=2 , L=(N/ρ)1/d , μ=0.5 , ϵ=0.03125 . The ERM simulations were conducted 100 times. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM.

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