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Fig. 7 IXA4 enhances DNA repair-related pathway activation and gene expression in zebrafish embryos. GSEA results compare IXA4 +TI vs TI treatment. (A) Dot plot visualizing normalized enrichment scores (NES) for enriched gene sets identified through GSEA. The size of each dot represents the gene count, while the color gradient corresponds to adjusted p-values. GSEA plots for DNA repair-related pathways, including (B) dacosta uv response via ercc3 common dn, (C) dazard response to uv ahrke dn, (D) dna repair (GO), and (E) kauffmann dna repair genes were enriched in IXA4 +TI group. Each plot illustrates the ranked distribution of genes expression fold changes of TI comapre to control, enrichment score curves, and distribution of genes in the gene sets. All the gene sets from (B) to (E) have NES > 1.5, p < 0.001, and q < 0.001, indicating significant enrichment in IXA4 +TI groups compared to TI. Relative expression levels of (F) xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (xpc), (G) RAD23 homolog B (rad23b), (H) excision repair cross-complementation group 5 (ercc5) and (I) ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) in control, Tl (800 μg/L), Tl + IXA4 (20 μM), and Tl + TUDCA (20 μM) groups from 6 to 48 hpf. Data are presented as average fold changes relative to the control group, with n = 3 for each group. Statistical significance was determined using an unpaired t-test. *p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, * **p < 0.001 compared to the indicated group.