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Fig. 1 Association results of multi-ancestry and ancestry-specific meta-analyses. Lead variant in each locus is marked as a red diamond. (a) Manhattan plot of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis. The red line represents genome-wide significant threshold of p = 5 × 10−8 and the orange horizontal line represents FDR = 0.001. Candidate genes with lead SNP surpassing genome-wide significance and the prioritized putative gene are shown. (b) Manhattan plots of European-specific (upper panel) and Asian-specific meta-analyses (lower panel). (c–f) Regional LocusZoom plots for JAG1, ZNF25, HAND2, and UNC5C, respectively for the multi-ancestry meta-analysis. (g) Venn diagram showing the overlapping candidate genes from the three meta-analyses of GWAS.