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Fig. 2 The effect of cell ingression position on clock frequency and synchrony. (A) Diagram highlighting the position of cell addition across the three ingression scenarios tested here. Magenta shading shows where cells are added onto the tissue surface. The pale magenta and blue planes respectively correspond to the anterior limit of the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM), x=xa , and the anterior limit of cell addition, x=xd . In the ‘Random’ condition cells are added at random positions within the PSM posterior to the plane x=xd , and accordingly no magenta surface is shown. Similarly in the dorso-posterior case (‘DP’) cells are added at random positions in the two lateral cylinders to maintain density, and no magenta surface is shown there. In the dorso-posterior+lateral-ventral (‘DP+LV’) case, cells are only added on the tissue surface at the positions shown by magenta shading. (B) Oscillation synchrony (r ) at the PSM anterior after 1000 min, for the three tested scenarios of cell ingression. N=100 simulations. (C) Mean frequency of oscillations for cells at the PSM anterior after 1000 min of simulation, for the three tested scenarios of cell ingression. N=100 simulations. (D) Kymographs of synchrony along the x -axis on the left-hand side of the PSM for single simulations from each of the three scenarios of cell ingression tested. Black arrowheads highlight strongly asynchronous populations of cells being transported to the tissue anterior by advection.