ZFIN Image: Ferrer et al., 2025, Figure 1

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Figure 1

Effects of CSL525 on in vitro calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). (A) Calcium content in cultures following calcification induction with 3.3 mM phosphate (P) and increasing concentrations of CSL525 for 21 days. (B) Calcium content in cultures following calcification induction with 3 mM P and 3 mM calcium (Ca) in the presence of increasing concentrations of CSL525 for 14 days. (C) Inhibition of calcification by CSL525 when added at the start of calcification induction. (D) Calcium content in cultures after 7 days of calcification induction with 3 mM P and 3 mM Ca, followed by CSL525 treatment initiated on day 7. (E) Inhibition of calcification by CSL525 when added after 7 days of calcification induction. Results are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (**) p < 0.01, (***) p < 0.001, (****) p < 0.0001.

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