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Fig. 3 F0 emergence rank as a predictor for adult behaviour. Behavioural parameters obtained during an open field test combined with mirror image stimulation, in adult fish of the F0 parental generation (A–D) and the F1 generation (E–G), plotted over the emergence ranks of the F0 parental fish during a group emergence test: swimming velocity (V; 3A, simple linear regression: Y = − 0.10x + 2.17, r2 = 0.12, and 3E, Y = − 0.06x + 3.51, r2 = 0.04), angular velocity (Ω; 3B, Y = 2.414x + 97.16, r2 = 0.07), state of immobility (MSi; 3F, Y = 0.09x − 0.01, r2 = 0.07), time to approach the mirror (3C, Y = 0.53x + 0.28, r2 = 0.021), and frequency of aggressive behaviour (AGRf, 3D, Y = − 2.12x + 43.81, r2 = 0.18 and 3G, Y = − 1.30x + 19.61, r2 = 0.07). These parameters yielded a significant correlation with the F0 emergence ranks [Spearman rank test, N = after (before outlier elimination)]