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Fig. 3 Serum bone metabolism biomarkers at the baseline and week 10. Panel A, C, E, G, and I: Violin plots for bone metabolism biomarkers in each group measured at the baseline and week 10; the difference between the two groups was compared by the Wilcoxon test. Panel B, D, F, H, and J: Bar plots for the changes in bone metabolism biomarkers during the intervention and the intervention effect analyzed by the mixed-effects model. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; NS, not significant; error bars show 95% confidence intervals. 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; PTH, parathyroid hormone; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; ln, natural logarithm.