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Fig. 4 Rotation of ZFO micromotors inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 in vitro. A) The schematic diagram of the rotating ZFO micromotors based platform in the cell microenvironment. B) The images of scratches at different times (0, 24 h, 48 h after treatment) after different treatments (without ZFO, with ZFO but without rotational magnetic field, and after the action of magnetic ZFO micromotors for 90 min). C) Scratch closure at different times (24 h, 48 h after treatment) after different treatments (without ZFO, with motionless ZFO, with magnetic field only, after action of ZFO micromotors for 30, 60, 90 min) by scratch assay. D) Migration rate (Rm) at a different time (24 h, 48 h after treatment) after different treatments (without ZFO, with motionless ZFO, with magnetic field only, after the action of ZFO micromotors for 30, 60, 90 min). E) The schematic diagram of the transwell assay. F) Images of stained invading cells under different treatments (without ZFO, with ZFO but without rotational magnetic field and after action of ZFO micromotors for 90 min) after 24 h invasion, by transwell assay. 100 × magnification. G) Invading cell number upon different treatment (without ZFO, with motionless ZFO, and after the action of ZFO micromotors for 30, 60, 90 min) after 24 h invasion. Scale bar: 500 µm (B), 100 µm (F). Data are means ± SD of three independent experiments and *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus control.