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Fig. 1 DKO zebrafish displayed an elevation of endogenous MG-H1. (A) MG levels were unchanged in DKO larvae compared to WT, GLO1KO and ALDH3A1KO larvae. n = 4. (B) 4-HNE concentration was unchanged in DKO larvae compared to WT larvae. n = 7–8. (C–D) The levels of other dicarbonyl compounds were unchanged in DKO larvae compared to WT, GLO1KO and ALDH3A1KO larvae. n = 4. (E) Protein-bound MG-H1 levels were the highest in DKO larvae compared to WT, GLO1KO and ALDH3A1KO larvae. n = 3–4. (F) Protein-bound MG-H1 levels were the highest in DKO muscle compared to WT, GLO1KO and ALDH3A1KO muscle. n = 3–4. The bars indicate mean ± SD values. Statistical analysis was applied by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, ns = not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. MG, methylglyoxal; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; 3-DG, 3-deoxyglucosone; MG-H1, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1.