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Fig. 10 The schematic illustration of oxymatrine regulating megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and thrombopoiesis. Oxymatrine targets toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and activates the downstream extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING)/inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa B alpha (IκBα)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which leads to the high expression of transcription factors (TFs): early growth response 1 (EGR1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2), cellular oncogene fos (FOS), and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). As a result, the activated transcription factors promote the expression of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis related genes, which contribute to the MK maturation and platelet production and finally recover the platelet levels in adiation-induced thrombocytopenia mice. RIT: radiation-induced thrombocytopenia; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; ERK: extracellular regulated kinase; Ub: ubiquitin.