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Fig. 2 Effect of lactate on stromal cell phenotype. (A) Cropped blots and densitometric analysis from western blot analysis on ?SMA, PDGFR? and FAP, normalized on ?-actin. (B) Multiplex immunobead assay technology on culture medium from HS5 cells after 10 days of 20 mM lactate exposure to determine concentrations of indicated osteoblast differentiation markers. (C) Alizarin red S staining for mineralization. The calcified nodules appeared bright red in color. Scale bar: 20 ?m. All the data are presented as means?±?SD of three independent experiments. *p?0.05; **p?0.01; ***p?0.001; ****p?0.0001
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