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Fig. 1 Illustration of the liposome-mediated immunochemotherapy. Neutral liposomes carried oxaliplatin (OLP) kill cancer cells directly and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which provide potent pro-inflammatory signals for DCs to be activated and recruited from the lymph nodes. This process initiates the anti-tumor immunity and employs effector T cells in the tumor tissue. Meanwhile, the stimulation of the TLR pathway by PRLP liposomes leads to the release of cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, etc., which also aims to polarize the tumor-associated macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1 subtype. The engagement of M1 macrophages and effector T cells in the TME can inhibit tumor growth more effectively and overcomes oxaliplatin resistance mechanisms in CT26-tumor bearing mice.