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Fig. 5 Effect of coadministration of sodium butyrate with phenylephrine (PE) and angiotensin II (ANG II) on vascular tone. A: 1 µM ANG II alone (in dark teal) significantly decreased dorsal aorta (DA) cross-sectional width at several time points compared with baseline (0 min). Coadministration of sodium butyrate (in light teal) reduced the effects of ANG II at 20 and 60 min. B: representative DA images at 0 and 60 min for ANG II, with red dotted lines marking the outline of the DA. Scale bar in orange = 200 µm. C: 100 µM PE alone (in pink) produced a significant decrease in DA cross-sectional width at all timepoints when compared with baseline (0 min). Coadministration of sodium butyrate (in purple) significantly reduced the effects of PE at 20 min. D: representative DA images at 0 and 60 min for PE, with red dotted lines marking the outline of the DA. Scale bar in orange = 200 µm. Data are presented as means ± SE and calculated as %Baseline (0 min). n = 5–10/treatment group. Two-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s and Sidak’s multiple comparison test; *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001: within-group comparison to baseline (0 min). #P < 0.05 comparisons between treatment groups.