Figure 5

Figure 5

Recovering of normal developmental parameters of swim bladder area on larvae treated with M-PS after CuSO₄·5H₂O induced inflammation at 3 dpf. (A1,A2) Recovery from inflammation after 18 h of treatment with M-PSs extract from mud maturated at 36.6, 41.8, 49.4 °C (A1) and 46.5, 49.9, 53.5 °C (A2). (B1,B2) Recovery from inflammation after 24 h of treatment with M-PSs extract from mud maturated at 36.6, 41.8, 49.4 °C (B1) and 46.5, 49.9, 53.5 °C (B2). (C1,C2) Recovery from inflammation after 48 h of treatment with M-PSs extract from mud maturated at 36.6, 41.8, 49.4 °C (C1) and 46.5, 49.9, 53.5 °C (C2). Data are compared to control values. The swim bladder area is normalized over body length and indicated as percentages over control. Black bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments conducted with 15–20 larvae per treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 10 (Brown–Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparisons test with individual variances computed for each comparison). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and the results of the multiple comparisons are shown with letters (different letters show differences among data). The exact adjusted p values are listed in Tables S4 and S5.