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Fig. 1 The level of IL16 is increased in Mtb-infected patients and mice. A The concentrations of 40 host markers in serum samples from patients with active TB, treated-TB, LTBI or healthy control using a multiplex cytokine platform (n = 5 to 8). B IL16 production by ELISA in serum samples from patients with active TB, treated-TB, LTBI or healthy control (n = 15 to 31). C to E Six to 8 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were challenged intravenously with 1×106 CFU of H37Rv. At 4 or 12 weeks after infection, the mice were sacrificed to determine IL-16 level in their serum samples (C), Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples (D), and lung homogenates (E) (n = 6). Data represent means ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05, by 1-way ANOVA/Tukey’s multiple comparisons (B); Dots show the individual data, ∗p < 0.05, by Two-tailed Student’s t-test comparing H37Rv and control (C and D).